The Schlieffen Plan and World War One

As the crisis which began World War One was developing from assassination, through calls of revenge round to paranoid imperial competition, Germany found itself facing the possibility of attacks from east and west at the same time. They had feared this for years, and their solution, which was soon put into action with German declarations of war against both France and Russia, was the Schlieffen Plan. Changing Heads of German Strategy In 1891, Count Alfred von Schlieffen became the German Chief of Staff. He had succeeded the wholly successful General Helmuth von Moltke, who together with Bismarck had won a series of short wars and created the new German Empire. Moltke feared a great European war might result if Russia and France allied against the new Germany, and decided to counter it by defending in the west against France, and attacking in the east to make small territorial gains from Russia. Bismarck aimed to prevent the international situation from ever reaching that point, by trying hard to keep France and Russia separated. However, Bismarck died, and Germanys diplomacy collapsed. Schlieffen was soon faced with the encirclement Germany feared when Russia and France allied, and he decided to draw up a new plan, one which would seek a decisive German victory on both fronts. The Schlieffen Plan The result was the Schlieffen Plan. This involved a rapid mobilization, and the bulk of the entire German army attacking through the western lowlands into northern France, where they would sweep around and attack Paris from behind its defenses. France was assumed to be planning – and making – an attack into Alsace-Lorraine (which was accurate), and prone to surrendering if Paris fell (possibly not accurate). This entire operation was expected to take six weeks, at which point the war in the west would be won and Germany would then use its advanced railway system to move its army back to the east to meet the slowly mobilizing Russians. Russia could not be knocked out first, because its army could withdraw for miles deep into Russia if necessary. Despite this being a gamble of the highest order, it was the only real plan Germany had. It was fed by the vast paranoia in Germany that there had to be a reckoning between the German and Russian empires, a battle which should ta ke place sooner, while Russia was relatively weak, and not later when Russia might have modern railways, guns, and more troops. There was, however, one major problem. The ‘plan’ was not operational and wasn’t even really a plan, more a memorandum briefly describing a vague concept. Indeed, Schlieffen may even have written it just to persuade the government to increase the army, rather than believing it would ever be used. As a result, there were problems: the plan required munitions in excess of what the German army had at that point, although they were developed in time for the war. It also required more troops on hand to attack than could be moved through the roads and railways of France. This problem was not solved, and the plan sat there, seemingly ready to use in the event of the great crisis people were expecting. Moltke Modifies the Plan Moltke’s nephew, also von Moltke, took over Schlieffen’s role in the early twentieth century. He wanted to be as great as his uncle but was held back by not being anywhere near as skilled. He feared that Russia’s transport system had developed and they could mobilize quicker, so when working out how the plan would be run - a plan that was possibly never meant to be run but which he decided to use anyway - he altered it slightly to weaken the west and reinforce the east. However, he ignored the supply and other problems that had been left due to the vagueness of Schlieffen’s plan and felt he had a solution. Schlieffen had, possibly accidentally, left a huge time bomb in Germany which Moltke had bought into the house. World War One When war looked likely in 1914, the Germans decided to put the Schlieffen Plan into effect, declaring war on France and attacking with multiple armies in the west, leaving one in the east. However, as the attack went ahead Moltke modified the plan even more by withdrawing more troops to the east. In addition, commanders on the ground also veered away from the design. The result was the Germans attacking Paris from the north, rather than from behind. The Germans were halted and pushed back at the Battle of the Marne, Moltke was considered to have failed and replaced in disgrace. A debate over whether the Schlieffen Plan would have worked if left alone began within moments and has continued ever since. No one then realized how little planning had gone into the original plan, and Moltke was vilified for having failed to use it properly, whereas its probably right to say he was always onto a loser with the plan, but he should be vilified for trying to use it at all.

We Need A Permanent For Federal Government Subsidized Job...

Proposal: We need a permanent, federal government subsidized job program where those who want to work should be able to work. It should be available for all citizens and legal residents of America, including felons, disabled people, and those above the poverty line. It should truly be nationwide and uniform in its implementation. Finally, it should be permanent, as there are many people who cannot find employment even though the Great Recession is over. Program funds not used in times of prosperity can be allocated for future employment use during economic decline. Policy Basis: Government subsidized jobs matter because our society is based on work. The American Dream specifies hard work as a ladder to economic mobility and eventual†¦show more content†¦In a capitalist society, one must earn money by working in order to sustain oneself and one’s family. While this model was conducive to a frontier society where labor was in high demand and work was afforded to every (able-bodied) (white) man, it is now the case that there are many people that would like to work but cannot. Therefore, government subsidized jobs help to promote American capitalism while minimizing the amount of people left out by the system. In addition, reduced unemployment leads to stability and a better wellbeing for everyone but especially those who need it most, namely, the long-term unemployed, the disabled, and the convicted. Even in times of plenty, Rebecca Blank identified that â€Å"low wage workers- the working poor and the near poor- face substantiall y more problems with job availability than do higher-wage workers†, as workers without a high school diploma are five times more likely to be unemployed than those who went to college. Therefore, regardless of economic conditions, there is a substantial part of the workforce that is â€Å"actively seeking work but not finding it† (Blank, 58). Blank’s characterizations do not even begin to address the unemployment rate for convicted felons, where â€Å"myriad laws, rules, and regulations discriminate against ex-offenders and effectively prevent their meaningful reintegration into the mainstream economy and society† (Alexander, 17). However, as government subsidized job

Google Markets Preliminary Matter

Question: Discuss about theGoogle Marketsfor Preliminary Matter. Answer: Introduction Google is well known for its trick of matchmaking i.e. there technique in of pairing the pool of internet user to the advertiser is amazing. Some of the observer has concluded that this match making somehow represent one of the greatest business ideas in history (Preis et al 2013). This has never been done by other media companies like television, magazine and newspaper but none is more profitable. Google mission is pretty clear to rearrange all the information in the world and make it accessible and useful to the whole universe. Understanding Search As a preliminary matter to study search then one has to understand its mechanics, how Google as a firm does indexing to the web and does the ranking own its search results. Its also crucial to the entire infrastructure which provide power to Google and they boost their competition through its scaling and complexity. When looking at search its important to understand the following facts while performing any search, on Google the result on are usually generated by the specific industry professionals to be either natural or organic search. Different engine use distinctive algorithms in coming up with order of the organic results. Specifically Google uses Page Rank techniques initially developed by the founder of Google Larry Page it is a bit of play which all web pages (Wu et al 2014). Its important to know that Google usually never accept financing for placement of any links in organic search results. In the ranking Page Rank consider the pages which have more links and rank them higher thus acting like a contest. Search engine optimization involves (SEO) the process of improving the features of the organic page. Its functionally critical to many organization more in the marketing frame because it should be concerning for the pages to first within the page to ensure that customer easily view the site. Its vague how Google how Google has refined Page Rank because at the past many have tried to jam the system. But they are background efforts to which uses other two hundred signals which is coupled with search support team by constantly carrying out analysis own user behavior to ensure that they tweak the system and while boosting its accuracy. Some link fraud use some bogus websites to link back to the pages they are trying to promote but Google works relentlessly to try and uncover and shut down there efforts (Haucap et al 2014). Spider, Bots and Crawlers When a search is performed in Google its redirected to other search engine and not the web as thought before. The process that includes retrieving something that is a copy of the web, which is the result of many stored and indexed documents that are kept online in their own very computer. The Google index is consist of trillions of URLs an when you start the search Google starts retrieving and how fast Google is, can be proved by how fast the option that appear own the search tab when type a given command. Web crawler, spider or software robots are the specific software that there are used to create the massive indexes which are used to retrieve the information required within the shortest time possible (Gimen et al 2015) They may have some difference but at the end of the day they usually do the same thing. Spider for instance normally collects all the public computer a network or networks for their public websites. They peruse the list or what is known commonly as crawling through all the available is ensuring the pages are uncovered completely. Occasionally Google crawl over the updated sites as often as an hour. The one that are rarely updated are re-indexed after every few days. Based on the crawling methods than it meant that if a website in its original server is not the first page or its not linked to the public page the it may have possibility of it never being found. Additionally as own offer the search provide pages that allow submission of individual websites for indexing purposes. Other people prefer their content in the web to remain of the limit. Several organization have created some set of standards that that hinder the crawler together with other related commercial search and all the engine do respect those standards. Methods used to this include putting lines coding some HTML which invisibly embedded in the web which command the entire crawler to halt indexing those pages. Users cannot see the code but they are visible to the commercial web crawlers. Other methods to stop indexing include website administrators putting special files which prevent or offer guidance on how the software crawler should treat those websites. Search Advertising To get a glimpse of search adverting then one has to know the advertising models and understand factors which underlie the ranking and the display of the adverts which own search page. Beside SEO one has to know what search engine is marketing which are practices involved in the running and constantly optimizing the search engine ad campaigns. Its quite a hot topic like the SEO which is gaining lot of influence. Approximately two-thirds of Google funds come from advertisement found own its sites and most of that comes from the search engines. Google experiment often with merging some videos and images ads with search, but usually the ads that are seen to the organic search are just text ads. Those words are the ads advertisement, which created to target what the user would type as a query. Hence advertiser always bid on the type of words they want to be used so as to ensure the display of their add This a great idea linking search with advertisement since what the user want be search always indicate openly some interest in a given topic. Google ads usually emerge when many user have some purchasing intentions. Thus without any doubt search ads hence are far more effective than the conventional display ads. To make it better, search ads are very targeted because advertiser reward Google only after results are delivered. Advertising through search can be done through the following setting up a Google Ad Words account for advertisement in some few minutes. The specifically choose a singled or multiplied campaign which open up for more than one ads for some keywords. Payment also are specified when a click is done, there overall ad budget and the after that they can control additional factors like timing and ad campaign duration. Mobile Apps the Biggest Challenge for Google Search Its approximated that user spend about 3hours in the US in using there Smartphone and tablet. In comparison between desktop uses of web browsers, users who have tablet are estimated that they use estimated 86% of their time in apps and only 14% own the web. This is a major concern to Google since when a search in own the search engine, it both provide the ads and continuously updates the user profile. But when a search is done through other engine for instant Yelp own the iphone, the Google can trace that at all. Yelp earned up to $550 million in ad alone in 2015, which was a 45% increase from the past year. This list is rapidly growing for specific app that differ the user from the Google web search. This fragmentation has an impact on Google search and the app owner is taking the advertising to another level with a new technique called the deep linking. This development allows launch and provision of information about a given item. Example is clicking a tumblr link for wrist watch and the link direct you to the vendor say Amazon without passing through Google. Comparing the statistics of 2012 and 2014, a great change can be noted. In 2012 the statistics were standing at 82.5% for the share of the mobile search alone. E-market has done there research following the rise of specific app and in 2014 the number were at 65.6% and the growth in the above mentioned was by 5.4% to about 23%. Although the is decline in Google search in mobiles as a remedy Google is now offering some additional features which aim at giving the user a reason to stick to the search and map products (Gimen et al 2015). The new hotel format is an example which allows one to have access to high quality photos, booking services are also provided and hotel rating is also provided. Other example is in the car search, its a format that allow for panoramic peruse through the cars, it offer the surfer build and price opportunity and adding up with finding the dealer. The one for mortgage provide for side to side clear comparisons. The ones for restaurants provide option for food delivery via deep linking. The relevance of Google on mobile especially is absolutely inevitable. But like all other business venture it comes with it shares of risk. For instance the move by Google travel booking is already raising heat with the biggest customer of the firm (Dioun Haveman 2015). Priceline and Expedia spend jointly about %2.5 billion in search and advertising thus making up to 5% of Google revenue. Google has an ability to make a contact hotels, travel agencies and airlines but this would create channel pressure and a shift in the market. Other concerns are the legal issues and the claims that Google is using its dominance in the search to advance its own service above its rivals. Reference Preis, T., Moat, H. S., Stanley, H. E. (2013). Quantifying trading behavior in financial markets using Google Trends. Dioun, C., Haveman, H. (2015, January). The Price of Legitimacy: Regulation, Risk and Uncertainty in Legal Marijuana Markets. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 13312). Academy of Management. Wu, J., Deng, Y. (2015). Intercity information diffusion and price discovery in housing markets: Evidence from Google Searches. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 50(3), 289-306. Haucap, J., Heimeshoff, U. (2014). Google, Facebook, Amazon, eBay: Is the Internet driving competition or market monopolization?. International Economics and Economic Policy, 11(1-2), 49-61. Gimeno, J., Yu, T., Zhang, Y. (2015, January). Strategic Impact of Input Hedging on Output Markets: Do Hedging Windfalls Make Firms Aggressive?. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 13146). Academy of Management.

Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism Essay Example

Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism Essay The thought behind the survey of this research proposal is to cognize the which, what and how to supply the good quality client services in the TAJ Hotel. In the current computational market there are many organisational groups starts its luxury hotels and made a different schemes to offer a luxury services to the client in the Indian hotel industry. But how to take attention of large trade name name of the TAJ Hotel in the first place to carry through the chief purpose of the client. The Indian Hotels Company Limited ( IHCL ) and its subordinates are jointly known as Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces and it is an 1 of Asia s biggest and older hotel group. It s controlled by the laminitis of the Tata Group, Mr. Jamsetji N. Tata, the company opened its first hotel, The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Mumbai in 1903. The Taj, a symbol of Indian cordial reception, completed its centennial twelvemonth in 2003. The footing at the dorsum of this large trade name name the Taj hotels offers the luxury of service, the zenith of Indian cordial reception, vantage locations, modern installations and concern comfortss. We will write a custom essay sample on Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investing The Customer Service On The Taj Hotel Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 3. Organizational Background: The first hotel established in 1903 to 2010 the Taj Hotels Resort and Palaces has a more than 60 hotels in 45 locations in all over India plus 15 international hotels in the UK, USA, Malaysia, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa, the Middle East, Australia and assorted Asia-Pacific Islands. Crossing the length and comprehensiveness of the state, decorating of import industrial towns and metropoliss, beaches, hill Stationss, historical and pilgrim centres and wildlife finishs, each and every Taj hotel offers the amenitiess to luxury, traditional to modern services. TAJ Hotels tally in the luxury, premium, mid-market and value sections of the market through the below classs: TheTAJ ( Luxury full-service hotels, resorts and castles ) is a rich trade name for the universe s most discerning tourer in hunt of echt experiences given that luxury is a manner of life to which they are familiarized. And it s a category of the modern concern hotels, idyllic beach resorts, heritage castles and safari Lodges. Taj Exotica is include in resort and spa class and found in the most alien and restful venues of the universe. Its provide the services in footings of the privateness and familiarity to client. Taj Safari is operate in Jungle and Desert and its provide the invitees with the ultimate, wild life experience based on a proven sustainable ecotourism theoretical account. Taj Modern supply a new coevals of travellers a modern and originative welcome experience that matches their work-hard, play-hard life styles. Stylish insides, advanced culinary art, hip bars, and a focal point on engineering set. The Gateway Hotel ( upscale/mid-market full service hotels and resorts ) is included in the medium budgets clients class. 4. Rationale: To make the concern or work in Hotel Industry in future I forced to analyse on the assorted facets on the Hotel concern. To believe to see to spread outing the my household s little local concern of hotel, I try to acquire the proper cognition about assorted concern schemes through the research of this organisation. Besides, I was taken preparation in TAJ Hotel in my unmarried man grade s preparation period I looked what and how to supply the scope of quality client services and what and how to impact the different internal and external concern factors to pull a client. So, I attracted to choose this organisation for concern research and my future position. 5. Research Aims: The cardinal research end behind this work is to place and analyse the consequence of client to supply a alone quality service and to maintain the client in competitory environment. Besides what schemes and be aftering are required to pull a client and what possibility to maintain the client life-time. 6. Research Question: During this research by utilizing the different informations analyzed method to bring forth a subsequent inquiry: What and Which scope of quality services offering based on season and topographic point? How to place the different demands of the client and how to carry through them? What factors are affected to supplying the good excellence services? What are the new selling attacks in hotel industry? How to spread out the concern in competitory environment? How to maintain the TAJ a large trade name name in Hotel Industry? 7. Literature Reappraisal: Marketing Concept: Taj is functioning the clients to its best in the construct of the accomplishment of corporate end through meeting and put to deathing client demands better than the competition. ( Jobber et al. , 2006, p.3 ) TAj Hotel create a different selling constructs to pull clients otherwise the rivals will non go forth a individual opportunity to catch market portion. For Example- TAJ Starts a Taj Air, a luxury private jet operation and Taj Yachts, two 3-bedroom luxury yachts which can be used by invitees or man of affairs in Mumbai and Kochi, in Kerala ( India ) . Different Customer Services: TAJ divides its hotel in the construct of a different scope of clients service as mentioned above.Also use the basic selling construct of Product, Place and Time, Price, Process, People. Merchandise TAJ Hotel offer a excellence service like luxury suits, Traditional to modern interior based room and eating house, watering place, fittingness centre and good technological substructure of concern Centre. Heritage Flying Suites: These suites are renowned for their architecture and built an old-world architecture. Besides Guests can take a what types of have a pick of suites that overlook the metropolis or pool or face the Gateway of India and the Arabian Sea. Promotion TAJ on a regular basis comes with its advanced thought of to up with offers during season and off-season such as TAJ Holiday summer and monsoon bundles in its hotels. They besides announced or inform to client for its approaching events or exhibition by monthly calendar clip. Monetary value TAJ besides divides its hotel and services in monetary value based like up-class/upscale services and economic/medium category services. But its provides a good quality based services that spend by cusomer. Besides, its give a price reduction or assorted club point or shopping verifier to its regular client. Procedure Taj has a ain alone client relationship Management ( CRM ) system that s maintain a records of all client and its demands. Peoples TAJ has a 24000 employees fulfilled the purpose of the hotel of zenith of Indian Hospitality. Besides Taj has a assorted professional squad like Professional individual, Personal Agents, Technological individual, Travele agents for presenting the best services. PEST Analysis of TAJ Hotel: Political Factor: TAJ Hotels running on domestic every bit good as different 12 states, So its faced a many political issue to spread out and run its concern. Different states authoritiess has a different policy and jurisprudence about hotel industry. TAJ MAHEL Hotel Mumbai faced a terrorist onslaught in September 2008 and so generates a assorted security issue respects to the Hotel. Economic Factor: There are many Ecomomic factors affect the company s net income and enlargement program in international market like states economical state of affairs, revenue enhancement rate, rising prices rate, trade policy etc. In 2008, the period of recession or universe s economic crises TAJ Hotel Share prise about 50 % autumn down but the strong cardinal finance base, experience an large trade name name TAJ Hotel easy come out. Technological Factor: TAJ Hotels is a portion of the TATA Groups, whose are celebrated in advanced and progress in technology.TAJ Hotels provides a service of high-velocity wi-fi cyberspace and assorted progress IT installation to its client for its concern position. Besides, TAJ Hotels maintain a relation with its ain CRM Software. Social Factor: The TAJ Hotels concern tally on many different state and each have a ain civilization and tradition but TAJ Hotel adjust in all civilization and supplying a good traditional every bit good as modern manner of client services. Besides, TAJ Hotels prefers to enroll a local people and to care of local society or community, instruction, civilization development. Besides, set up a local traditional event in its hotel to back up the local humanistic disciplines to carry through its corporate-social duty. Environmental Factor: The TAJ Hotel running a Earth ( Environmental Awareness and Renewal TAJ Hotels ) plans since 2004.The Hotels besides tried to used the eco-friendly and recycling merchandise in its all Hotels. Besides its held a many environmental programmed for consciousness of planetary heating and environment change.TAJ besides received enfranchisement from Green Globe, the lone worldwide environmental enfranchisement plan for travel and touristry. 8. Research Methodology: In Research Methodology is to cognize the what schemes and planning are needed to take of research. The chief connotation behind the fact-finding research is what and how to supply the different unique qualities services so the rivals by TAJ Hotels. Qualitative research is an probe in which the research worker efforts to understand some larger world by insulating and mensurating constituents of that world within their contextual scene ( Gummesson, 2000, p 64 ) . In this Research the aggregation done by usage of the different informations aggregation technique and besides puting the how to roll up a broad scope of informations for the demands of this research. In this investigation of research, there are assorted informations aggregation techniques like questionnaires, studies. 9. Data Collective Method: The position of the research, quantitative and qualitative informations analysis technique are needed but in this research concentrating on qualitative research method. The primary and secondary both types of informations are required. Primary Data aggregation Method: The consequence of any research is depend on how and what schemes and planning are make for research of instance. The informations can be gathered from the current selling technique used by TAJ Hotel. Besides the informations are collected from client feed-back from. The sentiment polls and studies from the clients can be used for the aggregation of informations for the peculiar research subject ( Bhattacharyya, 2009 ) . Questionnaire is besides one of the easy and efficaciously technique for the research worker. In this method straight inquiring the inquiry to client about your research. The chief benefit of questionnaire is to supply a Varity of information. Besides researcher inquiring the more than one inquiry to client and to garner a tonss of informations and after that analyzed informations and take those informations that are required. Interviewing: In this technique, to straight inquire the inquiry from faced-to-faced between clients and company staff. This information are really utile when generates a some job and issues or before launch a new merchandise. Secondary informations aggregation method: Secondary informations is a collected from inside or outside the company. The internal informations are gather from the mention books, diaries, cyberspace or publish research paper.The external informations are gathered from company s one-year studies or authorities public studies and these are numeral and statistics. 10. DATA Analysis: 11. TIME Scale Exercise June 16 July -16 Aug-6 Week WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7 Choice of research proposal xA A A A A A Decision on subject rubric A Ten A A A A A Working on research background A A Ten A A A A Rationale A A Ten A A A A Execution on research aims A A A Ten A A A Formulation of research inquiries A A A Ten A A A Working on literature reappraisal A A A A Ten A A Knowing research methodological analysis A A A A A Ten A Clarifying informations aggregation method A A A A A Ten A Working on informations analysis A A A A A A Ten Clarification with the lector A A A A A A Ten Time spectrum A A A A A A A

Frogs Amphibian and Essays Research Papers

Frogs Amphibian and Essays Research Papers Frogs: Amphibian and Essays Research Papers Frogs are usually small animals that have smooth, moist skin, bulging eyes, and external eardrums behind the eyes; the adults lack a tail. Frogs have long hind legs, and most species can take long leaps. Many species also have webbed feet, making them excellent swimmers. Most frogs, especially males, are quite vocal. As the frog forces air through the voice box, or larynx, the vocal cords vibrate to make calls distinctive of its species. A much louder sound is produced by the males of species that possess vocal sacs, which swell enormously when the frog calls to attract a mate.... [tags: essays research papers] 413 words (1.2 pages) FREE Essays [view] Frogs - Frogs are needed for everyday life. They are part of pond life. Each animal is important because even in the pond, there is a food chain. Frogs are amphibians, animals that spend half of their lives under water, and remainder on land. The first frog appeared in the early Jurassic period about 200 million years ago. Frogs live on every continent except Antarctica, but tropical regions have the largest amount. Like all amphibians, frogs spend half their lives near water because they must return to the water to lay their eggs.... [tags: essays research papers fc] :: 1 443 words (1.3 pages) FREE Essays [view] Frogs - Frogs are amphibians in the order Anura. The order Anura is broken down into 22 different families of frogs and toads. Although they belong to the same order, frogs and toads are different in a lot of ways. Some of the more distinct differences are their skin and where they live. Frogs usually have smooth moist skin and toads usually have dry watery looking skin. Frogs spend most of their lives in or near water and toads spend more time on land. Amphibian means "double

Double Genre in On Wiesels Night

Double Genre in On Wiesels Night The holocaust was a devastating time in history.During this time the Jews felt a great deal of afflictionand millions of them were killed. The poem "We will never forget Aushwitz" by Alexander Kimel and "On Wiesel's Night" by Thomas E. Thorton use the poetic elements symbolism, imagery, and metaphor to show the monstrosity of the holocaust.In the poem "On Wiesel's Night" by Thomas E. Thorton, Thorton says he cannot teach the novel Night by Elie Wiesel. Thorton uses the image of people being turned into smoke and riding the wind to show how the Jews were incinerated and killed for no reason. Thorton acquaints the baton used in Night for selections and uses a metaphor to compare it to a pointer of death because it pointed to death or work in the novel. Thorton also uses symbolism and shows the bouncing baton bouncing from left to right and how it hurt him emotionally by saying it stabbed him in the heart.English: Aushwitz I crematoria memorial

Social policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social policy - Assignment Example The paper focuses on two policies that have the potential of solving problems created by welfare systems for single mothers with creation of sustainable employment opportunities and reduction of out of wedlock births being areas of concern. The number of children being raised by single mothers has continued to increase over the years with data indicating the ratio of children living in families headed by women at all-time high (Fang and Keane 2). Introduction of welfare programs for single mothers is informed by existing challenges they go through in being the only parent in the family. These mothers have to deal with increased demand for attention from their children, despite the fact that most of the mothers work in low paying jobs with few or no benefits (Deily 135). Apart from low income that is not sufficient to support the families, single mothers also have to work longer shifts to meet family needs. This implies that they have less time to take care of the children yet they cannot afford to employ a capable substitute housekeepers and caregivers (Albelda 200). Due to the continued rise in the number of single mother, there has been increased scrutiny of programs seeking to support single women with children. The program has been accused of not only improving the economic position of these women but also ensure they remain dependent on welfare. There is now a split in opinion over the best approach to tackle the situation especially when assessing the importance of welfare programs to economic stability of such families against the need to enable these women through polices that will make them economically independent in future. As a result of the arguments on the effectiveness of assistance to single mothers, there has been increased argument in support of polices that would empower women through job creation as opposed to focusing on welfare (Garfinkel and McLanahan). Due to the inherent challenges within

Customer involvement in new product development Essay

Customer involvement in new product development - Essay Example 84). At the end of the day when the products are introduced to the market it is the customers who will buy them. This is the reason as to why some marketing professionals have the assertion that customer contribution can be of high importance to the process of introducing a new product (Hesselbach & Herrmann 2011, p. 207). Some people disagree with this assertion with claims that customers cannot really know if they want something that does not exist already. The purpose of this report is to enhance the understanding on the role that customers can play in the product development process. By the use of marketing theory, practice, and other marketing concepts this reports will prove just how important customer contribution can be to the development process of new products. It is important for a business organization to know that improving the relationship between them and the customers should go beyond just the economic relationship of buyers and sellers. The main aim of all organizations in the business world is to get a competitive advantage that cannot be undone. The ways through which they can be able to get such an advantage is through making sure that their products are valuable, rare, un-substitutable and un-imitable. Developing such a product is in no way something that can be considered a walk in the park. If in any case a product is to become valuable it is the customers who have to value it if in any case it has to do well in the market (Sandmeier 2008, p. 56). Therefore, it will be important for a business organization to know exactly what their targeted market values (Foss 2012, p. 129). By knowing what they value the company can also come up with a product that is not substitutable because they will be able to add the values that the oth er products that are already in the market are missing. In the process of developing and introducing a new product to the market, there is always some uncertainty. The

European effect on American-Indian cultures and religion in the 17th century Essay Example for Free

European effect on American-Indian cultures and religion in the 17th century Essay The historical emergence of Europeans during the 17th century was synonymous to providing fundamental influence to the American- Indian and especially the New England. This was evidence of the religious rejuvenation that went across to these cultures as affected by the Europeans. Historically, the early European missionaries brought quite a broad diversity of activity in the eastern parts of North America as at 17th century. However, New England was perhaps the central point with which such influence was mostly affected. This was from the long activity of religious autonomy campaign by the European with the Puritans who wanted to make a win to the Massachusetts, Wampanoags, the Nipmucks, and also the New France. Elsewhere, the Jesuits were in their dreary efforts of making a conversion to the nation of Huron. From the encounters of evaluation promulgated from these two races of religious encounters, it is passively implied that the European missionaries had a substantial colonial influence and expansion across the broad analysis of the European colony. This also led to an influential changes in the approach mechanism in which the Europeans through the French Jesuits as well as the English Puritans undertook to ignite religious influence in India. 1 Though the religious development triggered to the New England by the Europeans in the 17th century have largely been outspoken by many scholars, Bruce Trigger came in the 18th century to reshape the phenomenal dispensation as prototyped by many old scholars. This is from the new findings in the fundamental relationship between Jesuit-Huron in the Indians of the New England. Socio-economically, New England had its settlement based on primary societal independence and families who were middle farmers. They had an adherence to a radical state of nominal accreditation where their colonial autobiography was defined by the voluntaristic Puritanism to their conceptual purposes. Historically, the seventeenth century European missionaries are credited to the creation of the more Godly community for the American Indian in New England. This is exampled by the protestation by the militant European groups in the Europe which sensitized a harmonious state of living for the people with a call for one another’s Godly relationship and in pursuit of the nature laws. 1 However, the epochs of the people embracing Christianity was never a simple activity for the Indians who disagreed of the hefty Christianity exhortations by the European missionaries. However, their will to embracing Christianity would only be subject voted by the religious development into Christianity of such ordinary people within the Indians population in England. This culture was rigidly bound to the people and that 90% of the total population in Massachusetts were largely obliged to such exemplary life led by the ordinary settlers. However, from 1616-1619, Wampanoag Indians started providing radical changes to their religious autonomy to start giving into a greater depth of the Christianity philosophies and teachings brought by the Europeans. 2 The religious divine-ship of the American-Indians in the 17th century was credited to the worshipping of animals. However, the coming in of the European missionaries in the spread of Christianity was a benchmark in support for a revolution and the long held system of religious sacrifice by the people. The conception and religious importance held on animals as their gods also implies the benchmark and the stepping-stone for the start of King Philip War in the 17th century. To the American-Indians, animals were important source religious sanctity. Accordingly, the domestication of pigs and also cattle was a big historical malady in shaping the religious outcast and the believes of the Indians in the New England by the 17th century. The effect of these domesticated animals did not only provide change in environmental conception where the other animals were hunted and killed above been moved in the forests to provide a humble environment for the pigs and also cows to adequately graze. The religious conception of these people in New England before the Europeans intervention in the 17th century was defined in parametric measures of the domesticated animals. These animals brought exorbitant changes to the land and its resource environment. Elsewhere, they had a great religious impact where the people’s minds, hearts and also their behavior changed considerably with the effect of the broad array of the effect brought by animals. Animals had a long held spiritual endowment. They provided sanctification to the people when they consumed them. However, these were traditions whose effect was to readily be uprooted by the incoming of the Europeans. Â  The American-Indians in New England by 17th century had a description of Manitou for many animals such as foxes, deer, rabbits and the bears. New England had a great religious believe and adoration in which they described the nominal deities to even take the animal forms. They therefore had various adorns to various symbolic images by certain animals or even specific animal body part. Animals had a preferential significance of power and a brim of ornamental conception which netted the religious autonomy of the Indians in the New England in 17th century. In their folklores as well as Christian cosmologies, animals had a great figuration. For example, the Christ crucifixion blood was commemorated by the red breasts of the robin. Elsewhere, bad luck was signified by crows as well as black cats. Again, the disturbing portents to the death were implied by the ravens, owls and pigeons. A change in weather was fundamentally depicted by swallows, dogs and pigs. 3 The pre-emergence of the Europeans in New England therefore was a companionate imagery of a long implied perception which was in the nature proclaimed by animals. The regular interaction with the animals by the Americans Indians was therefore allied to developing fortunes of human expectations in the correspondence of the various behavioral conceptions that were in these animals. Due to the religious implication and relationship with animals by these people, they had a greater diversity of imminent relationship with the animals than on a divine being. This is perhaps the reason behind their short run rejection of the Christianity by the European missionaries in the 17th century. The emergence of these Europeans was preaching on the believe in a divine supernatural being who was only implied through mere religious believe and adoration. To them, a believe in such a being operating beyond the framework of the physical environment was only a mythological imagery and could not act to provide such a strong religious and godly foundation to what they had on animals. To the Europeans, a great transplantation of civilization echoed in New England. This was a formal compound of change in the speech formalities of the old word, religious and also politics. The nature of the New England is historically described as getting its fundamental shape from the influence of the old world shape by the Europeans. Through their implications, civilization and renaissance which was characterized by change in the religious, political and economic backgrounds was now changing to capture more coherent status of living in New England. The emergence of Europeans in the New England was a concise drive to reformation where the ties bound by the pilgrim colonial was now to be abandoned. This was the foremost trend which fostered great sigh of changing New England primitivism. It was the impact of the shaping tool of protestant revolution hinged to the old and native European revolters that entered the New England. 8 The fatal implications of the Europeans in the England were the revolutionary landmark of renaissance which saw various structures including religious and political autonomy. The surging Europeans in New England brought a great drive of religious awakening. They highly helped to break down the ties of the effect of colonization entrenched to many godly doctrines than a fundamental pursuit of economic autonomy. The so called the English Puritans were the injecting power in which the Indians got a favorable renaissance reshaping that even provided a better room for expansion into the broad old world’s system of identity. To the Europeans, waging spiritual life to the Indians in the New England was perhaps the most important go ahead step which was even to help see the state in a changing periphery. The intention of European missionary in New England was to transplant a divine worship system of Christianity which would capture various fundamental aspects such as praying, self studying as well as struggling against various remote evil inclinations to the society. The essence of evangelism to the American-Indians was to provide new grounds of spiritual conceptions on the God’s sovereignty in which it was seen as a tool for absconding the dogmatism fed to the traditional society of the medieval traditions. The essence of been a protestant was to move as per the codes of absolute standards and sovereignty as promulgated by the will of the God and not the dogmatic apprehension of false gods held by the Indians in worshipping animals. In a light spot, the religious awakening in believe of God among these people came into growth in the mid 1630’s. This was a revolution and renaissance adjudication which was perhaps rejuvenating the traditionalism and the religious backwardness operating within the societal structures of American Indians. Basically, the European Puritans had a lot of religious conceptions to pass over to the people. At the late 1930’s the New England old world’s conceptions were now changing with the people developing a mysterious imagery and preconception of the divine God. The people were developing an essence of humanity build on will of immanent God. There was a revolution adversity in believe of such a supernatural being which even led to changing structures of the societal imagery to incorporate to a greater depth a mysterious preoccupation and believe of a wonderful God. The teaching of the puritans about God was that He was compelled of love with a low preoccupation of vengeance as well as cruelty. The teachings by the European missionaries about God were standing to develop a fundamental strength. The American-Indians grasped the immanent sovereignty of such a God which gave them a special accord providence. The basic concept that would however draw them away from the will of such a divine God was the effects of sins which were the activities done by them and went against the will of this God. The emergence of Christianity in New England was however compounded by the influence of secular concerns. The people had precepts and contributions into farming home-building, governance, practicing folks as well as trading. With the new strength of absorbing a believe in God, humans contentment through Godly pleasure was now beginning to be a precious preoccupation amongst a diverse outlay of sources of pleasure. They turned to worshipping such vengeful God with deep characteristics of personal tenderness. With the changing believe and imageries on God, the people were starting to observe other structures such as economy and also state governance as facets proclaimed by the command and will of God. This engineered revolutionary autonomy in both civil as well as civil factors within the New England. Through this outlay, the Indians started to reshape their thinking about the conception on the God’s will for the state of governance and state leadership as shadowed to strong believers. From this new development in the societal conception, the inhabitants of Massachusetts Bay had the establishment of a theocratic site for Puritans which would even help to strengthening the spread and development of Christianity within the community at a faster status. This was the first trading corporation held in England and whose administration was only alleged to specific personalities proclaimed of having a strong hood of religious authority. However in 1645, political crisis developed to subdivide the New England into two. Those who proclaimed the foundation of Christianity and those who did not. However, in a speech by Winthrop in 1645, the state religious believe was liberal and capturing two outlooks; the natural conception which was the state of the old believe of the natural god and the federal which was personal liberty of exercise his/her religious imageries. The natural liberty provided one’s choice on either well or even evil. Through this believe, one was to continue growing evil. However, the federal was a preconception aimed at creating honesty and good. 5 Analytically, the European Puritanism had two impacts of development in New England. These were both orthodoxy as well as nonconformity. The orthodoxy implication had its development throughout the whole 17th century which was a controversial development on the state of reformation to protestant. The nonconformity concept was alleged to the influence of religious development to the impact of preventing conscience liberty to think and do as people’s wishes. Generally, the emergence of the European Puritans in the New England was a crucial preoccupation which provided a yard for change in the social structures in England. The philosophical dogmatism held in the modalities of state leadership and governance, religion, economic standard was now given an important boost through the changes in the people’s conception about the divine relationship with God. Various philosophical theories of statements such as absolutism were now eroded. Accordingly, the state of governance in the state was modeled from the changing perceptions prototyped from the states of religious autonomy from the people. The New England was in a state of revolution with a model for social revolutions and compactness driving the society before outdoing the prehistoric sediments which were compounded mythologies about the state of the cosmos and the universe. Through the new gazing fundamental conceptions, the people were now developing new formalities of society governance where the society would engage in the broad governance as opposed to the role of absolutist king who dwelt in the control of the society. The state of the society was now beginning to reshape in the manner with which social contracts were now beginning in the development from their status of natural state of liberty as well as the regulation by the civil society. Therefore, European missionaries can be described as providing an elaborate tool for revolution, renaissance and changing social status in which the old world mythological conception of the society was getting a reawakening to newer and a more development conscious stakeholder-ship. The government and development structures of the New England are absolutely rooted to what Europeans did for it

East of Eden Essay: Criticism of East of Eden -- East Eden Essays

Criticism of East of Eden      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possibly the best piece of criticism I discovered was an essay by Joseph Wood Krutch. Krutch begins by making a statement praising the enormous amount of energy that is required for a book with the scope of East of Eden. Very briefly, Krutch summarizes the novel and draws an analogy between it and The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann. Krutch points out that in this novel, Steinbeck has avoided falling into the trap of writing a melodramatic as he has in some other pieces. Krutch says of Steinbeck: "Never, I think, not even in The Grapes of Wrath, has he exhibited such a grip upon himself and his material." (Krutch 370) Krutch points out that, especially in the first third of the book, the character parallels to symbolic figures are rather distracting, but become less so as the book progresses. Steinbeck is often associated with writers who hold deterministic philosophies and are moral relativists, but Krutch asserts "it is difficult to imagine how any novel could more e xplicitly reject [these values]." (Krutch 370) Krutch assigns East of Eden the position of determining Steinbeck's position as a moralist and ends his review by stating "there is no question whether Mr. Steinbeck has written an intensely interesting and impressive book." (Krutch 371) Harvey Curtis Webster was the author of another review I found helpful. He begins with the very blunt statement that "it will take almost equal quantities of pride and stupidity to deny that it is one of the best novels of the past ten years and the best book John Steinbeck has written since the Grapes of Wrath." (Webster 369) To conclude his strong opening paragraph Webster states "It is to be doubted it any American novel has better chronicled ou... ...ress. 1957. pp. 302-305. Rpt. In Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. David Marowski. Vol 45 Detroit: Gale, 1987. pp. 370- 371 Neary, Walter. "About John Steinbeck". 27 Nov. 2001 <http://www.steinbeck.org/About.html>. Steinbeck, John. Grapes of Wrath. 1939. New York: Penguin, 1973. Steinbeck, John IV Nancy Steinbeck, and Andrew Harvey. Other Side of Eden. Prometheus Books. Feb. 2001. Various contributors. "Amazon.com Buying Information." Amazon.com <http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/0140186395/ customer-reviews/qid=1007248185/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_75_1/102-8744870-2692125>. 28 Nov. 2001 Webster, Harvey Curtis. Out of the New Born Sun. Saturday Review, New York. Vol. XXXV. No. 38. 20 Sept 1952. pp. 11-12. Rpt. In Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. David Marowski. Vol 45 Detroit: Gale, 1987. pp. 369-370

Automobile and Level Material Appendix Essay

Choose one of the Facts for Consideration sections from Ch. 3 of the text and list the page number for the section you chose. Then, complete the following table. List five threats appropriate to the environment from the section you chose. Rate the risk for each threat from 0 (low) to 10 (high). Then, list five appropriate countermeasures. Once you complete the table, write a brief explanation of the countermeasures for the two threats with the highest risk total, stating how the countermeasure reduces the risk associated with that threat. This assessment is based on the Facts for Consideration on page _93___ THREAT| RISK| COUNTERMEASURE| | Probability| Criticality| Total| | Example:Physical assault| 9| 4| 13| Highly visible officer presence| Inmate Escape| 10| 5| 15| Extra guards to help prevent escape attempt| Inmate Riots| 8| 4| 12| Officers carry visible weapons to show that if inmates get out of hand measures will be taken |. Transport vehicle driver exhausted | 9| 4| 13| Extra driver to transport vehicle in addition to other guards that aren’t driving| Inmates take over the van| 10| 4| 14| Have the inmates checked before they get on the van and then handcuffed so they are not able to move around or get close to the driver| Have more than one officer on the van | 8| 3| 11| One officer can drive and the other can keep an eye on the inmates|. The inmate escape is very important. If there are extra guards then it will be easy to prevent this from happening, especially since some trips can take up to 48 hours to complete. With all the stopping (two to eight stops on any given trip) and going it would be great to have the countermeasure. When it comes to inmates taking over the van, I feel as though that is something that can happen even if there are two officers on the van. Inmates are strong and they always have something up their sleeves. So if we were to take the countermeasure and actually have them checked before they get on the van and then handcuffed it makes the ride safer and less threatening.

Impact of Internet & Online Community Networking Application Essay

Web 2. 0 internet Technology allows users to interact and cooperate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community. There are various Community Networking Application platforms provided by the social media networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and Twitter to the marketing of products and services for the hospitality industry. Social network offers media technologies that can enable online functionality and monitoring perspectives wherein the data gathered can be used to improve their services for customer satisfaction. The hospitality industry can market themselves in social media and networking thus it can be use social media to engage customers and clients in dialogue and recognize their needs & wants. Through these networking sites, hospitality industry Web 2. 0 internet Technology allows users to interact and cooperate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community. There are various Community Networking Application platforms provided by the social media networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and Twitter to the marketing of products and services for the hospitality industry. Social network offers media technologies that can enable online functionality and monitoring perspectives wherein the data gathered can be used to improve their services for customer satisfaction. The hospitality industry can market themselves in social media and networking thus it can be use social media to engage customers and clients in dialogue and recognize their needs & wants. Through these networking sites, hospitality industry could interact with new & loyal guests before, during, and after of the guest staying experience. Social media is relatively new and the advantages are abundance such as it is affordable (no cost), it is viral and has the potential to spread brand awareness rapidly and far and it is said to be able to develop link baits, attention and massive amounts of webpage traffic flow. The purpose of this study is to evaluate Impact of Internet & Online Community  Networking Application (Web 2. 0 internet Technology) based on Budget Hotel in Klang Valley Introduction Hospitality industry play significant role in the world in terms of the numbers of employees and its effect on the community and economical development of a region or country. Hospitality means providing service to others, as well as demonstrating consistent excellence and quality. It should also mean profitably providing value at any price level, while demonstrating your own unique points of distinction. Most of all, hospitality should be a â€Å"place†, where people can still be exceptional individuals and they can extend their own personality and style (Hogan, 2008). The use of internet & networking application for basic functions for instance conferences, business meetings in distant places, training, designed routes and airlines, reservations and tickets purchased through computer systems, tourist shops, restaurants is becoming typical in hospitality industry. The hotels depend progressively on the resources of new information technology to follow and update the tools which allow an efficient development of activities in each section of the company, leading to better results for its management (Mendes-Filho & Ramos, 2003a). To Phillips and Moutinho (1998), information technology (IT) is one of the critical factors of success in the hotel industry. The debate over â€Å"high-tech† or â€Å"high-touch† is largely a thing of the past in the hospitality industry as emerging technologies drive unprecedented change in the way hotels operate and serve customers. It is clear that investments in technologies can generate greatly improved operating efficiencies, higher hotel revenues and enhanced guest services. The pace of change, however, has been so extreme as to leave many hotel organizations uncertain about what types of technology to adopt and the best ways to create a seamless integration of systems company-wide. In addition, investments made by many hotel owners and operators during the last five years have lagged as a result of the serious downturn weathered by the industry. Many hotel organizations are using technologies so outdated as to place their companies at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace. (dchosenone, Jun 2009) The arrival of the Internet has increased the opportunities to boost the accommodation industry. Recently, hoteliers are fully aware of the benefits that the Internet can calaborate to their business. Well-informed of the far reaching importance of the web, they are motivated to create more awareness of their industry, on top of getting more bookings online. This had driven website development for hotels and resorts, the online reservation booking system, the increased number of reviews and redesigning of accommodation websites, as well as other tourism related online enterprises. As a matter of fact, there is a steady, daily growth of the web strategies for hotel and hospitality. The IT trends in the accommodation industry improve every day. Online marketing renewed the hospitality industry. Social bookmarking, mobile marketing (Runritz application), Web 2. online communities and all others have all added up to the change in the impact of the hospitality industry. The traditional booking system of hotels and resorts has been changed by the Internet. Thus potential guests can easily compare several hotel rooms & facilities and its rates offered by various hoteliers. Then there is the advancement of computer graphics and web photos that hoteliers had utilize to display their hotels’ pictures. In this way potential guests can take a virtual tour to feel the interiors and exteriors of their hotels and resorts. It has also become simple for clients to acquire info on hotels’ Rooms and Rates, amenities, facilities and promos. The emergence of Web 2. 0, allows one with unlimited amount of things the individual can do on the internet these days. The individual is not just restricted to emails or passively absorbing the static information that is available on the web pages when browsing. It used to be one-way but now the web is the platform where people can share information, hold a decent dialogue, build both social and business connections. Social media has recently been adopted by a small group of organizations’ integrated marketing plans. There by infusing a mix of advertisement, public relations, their sales promotion to produce a customer focused message. With the evolution of platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, we have the golden opportunity for exceptional access to the guest (Lanz, Fischhof, & Lee, 2010). Since social media is so available to anyone with an internet connection, it should be a platform that can be recommended to the ospitality industry to increase their brand awareness and facilitate direct feedback from their customers. A business that understands the advantage of social media is well aware that social media is essential in developing new business in the current competitive and online driven marketplace. Marketing is an important aspect for any company involved in business. As such, it is a competitive world out there, and social media marketing is the ‘new kid in town’ and it can reach out to the people accessing these social media platform regularly. Communication is essential for any corporation and business, therefore either they change the way information is conveyed or be prepared to lose some of the audience. It is imperative for marketing managers to continuously find a solution to appeal, keep new and current consumers (Schneider, 2009). Social network is the ideal platform for communication that applies perfectly with marketing in the virtual world. Social networks are groups of individuals who 3 prefer to communicate with one another through a preferred site based on the profile created for themselves (Laudon and Traver, 2007).

How Cloze Reading Can Be Used to Solidify Learning

How Cloze Reading Can Be Used to Solidify Learning Cloze reading is an instructional strategy where users are required to fill in the blanks within a passage with correct words from a word bank. Cloze reading is used to assess a students understanding of vocabulary. STAR Reading is an online assessment program that embraces cloze reading passages. Many teachers create cloze reading passages to assess student vocabulary understanding within a particular story or passage or a group of spelling words. Cloze reading passages are easily created and can be adjusted to specific content and/or grade level. Cloze Reading Passages Teachers can also have students create their own cloze reading passages as they read a story. This makes the learning more authentic. It also helps students find and make connections between key vocabulary within in the story and how their meaning enhances the story. Finally, students can exchange their cloze reading passages with other classmates. This naturally reinforces the critical components of the story including key vocabulary as students interact with each other and share what they created. This gives students ownership in the learning process. Cloze Reading as a Study Tool Cloze reading can also be used to help students study and prepare for a test. Students can be taught to create their own study guide using the cloze reading process. They can essentially build their own version of the test from their notes. As they put together the guide, it cements the content, makes the connections, and helps them remember it. Providing students with this skill will help them develop better study habits that can help them succeed throughout life. Most students struggle with test and quizzes because they do not know how to study. They simply read through their notes and call it studying. True studying is a much more rigorous and time-consuming process. Developing cloze reading passages that align to a test is one way to study more authentically. Five examples of cloze reading: 1. An elephant is a ____________________________ mammal with a trunk and large ears. A. microscopic B. enormous C. vigorous D. small 2. The radius of a circle is one-half the ___________________________________. A. circumference B. chord C. diameter D. arc 3. A dog chased a cat down the alley. Luckily, the cat was able to escape by climbing over a fence. The word alley refers to a ___________________________________? A. sidewalk running through a neighborhood B. narrow road that between buildings C. open field in a park D. long hallway connecting two parts of a building 4. ______________________________ was the twenty-seventh president of the United States of America and later became the only former president who also became a Supreme Court justice? A. George H. W. Bush B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Martin Van Buren D. William Howard Taft 5. The phrase time is money is an example of a ________________________________. A. Metaphor B. Simile C. Alliteration D. Onomatopoeia

Intervening Variable Definition and Examples in Sociology

Intervening Variable Definition and Examples in Sociology An intervening variable is something that impacts the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable. Usually, the intervening variable is caused by the independent variable, and is itself a cause of the dependent variable. For example, there is an observed positive correlation between level of education and level of income, such that people with higher levels of education tend to earn higher levels of income. This observable trend, however, is not directly causal in nature. Occupation serves as the intervening variable between the two, since education level (the independent variable) influences what kind of occupation one will have (the dependent variable), and therefore how much money one will earn.  In other words, more schooling tends to mean a higher status job, which in turn tends to bring a higher income. How an Intervening Variable Works When researchers conduct experiments or studies they are usually interested in understanding the relationship between two variables: an independent and a dependent variable. The independent variable is usually hypothesized to be the cause of the dependent variable, and the research is designed to prove whether or not this is true. In many cases, like the link between education and income described above, a statistically significant relationship is observable, but it is not proven that the indirect variable is directly causing the dependent variable to behave as it does. When this occurs researchers then hypothesize what other variables could be influencing the relationship, or how a variable might intervene between the two. With the example given above, occupation intervenes to mediate the connection between level of education and level of income. (Statisticians consider an intervening variable to be a kind of mediating variable.) Thinking causally, the intervening variable  follows the independent variable but precedes the dependent variable. From a research standpoint, it clarifies the nature of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Other Examples of Intervening Variables in Sociology Research Another example of an intervening variable that sociologists monitor is the effect of systemic racism on college completion rates. There is a documented relationship between race and college completion rates. Research shows that among 25 to 29-year-old adults in the U.S., Asian Americans are most likely to have completed college, followed by whites, while Blacks and Hispanics have much lower rates of college completion. This represents a statistically significant relationship between race (independent variable) and level of education (dependent variable). However, it is not accurate to say that race itself influences level of education. Rather, the experience of racism is an intervening variable between the two.​ Many studies have shown that racism has a strong effect on the quality of K-12 education that one receives in the U.S. The nations long history of segregation and housing patterns today mean that the nations least-funded schools primarily serve students of color while the nations best-funded schools primarily serve white students. In this way, racism intervenes to affect the quality of education. Additionally, studies have shown that implicit racial biases among educators lead to Black and Latino students receiving less encouragement and more discouragement in the classroom than white and Asian students, and also, that they are more regularly and harshly punished for acting out. This means that racism, as it manifests in the thoughts and actions of educators, once again intervenes to impact college completion rates on the basis of race. There are numerous other ways in which racism acts as an intervening variable between race and level of education.

Therapeutic Polysaccharides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Therapeutic Polysaccharides - Essay Example On a fundamental level, polyssarcharides are defined as polymeric chains composed of mono- or di-saccharides bound together by glycosidic bonds, a special type of covalent bond. Carbohydrates possess a hemiacetal group that contains a reactive anomeric carbon that readily reacts in certain low pH cellular environments to form a stable glycosidic bond. While the ring structure of the carbohydrate subunits confers a rigid form, the glycosidic bonds allow for chain flexibility, conferring similar mechanical properties found in other semi-elastic polymers (Andre and Gushlbauer 1974, p.803-805). The unique properties yielded by this chemical structure allow polysaccharides to fulfill a variety of biological roles. The plant commonly referred to as the Butternut Squash, also commonly called the Winter Squash, Pumpkin Squash, and Field Pumpkin, is scientifically known as Cucurbita moschata, a member of the same family as gourds and cucumbers. Like its close relatives, the plant grows on a v ine with soft, hairy stems and is found in both North and South America in growing zones USDA 8 through 11 (Saylor and Network Vista, Inc. 2008, p.4175). The plant is widely grown for foodstuffs and is a common home gardener favorite. The leaves of the plant are broad, with nearly orbicular structure, and few lobes are present in the vine. Annually, Cucurbita moschata produces yellow colored flowers with wide spreading and crinkled petal structures, of a monoecious variety possessing both male and female structures within a single plant.

Dimensions of Technology Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dimensions of Technology - Research Paper Example Music informatics is a developing field in computer science and although it is hard to predict how it will revolutionize the music industry, the field might change how most people view music production (Bozkurt & Holzapfel 13). Music informatics is related to computer science in the sense that it views music as data. Scholars in this field are advocating for the need to treat music as data in order to realize the full benefits of this discipline to the music industry. Music searching has been revolutionized with development of software that can search for music in libraries within a short time. Additionally, music analysis in this discipline involves computer-aided skills in creating pitch and harmony during music production. Another area in this discipline that requires music to be treated as data is the creation of musical scores. These scores are converted from their handwritten form into music symbols and are stored in digital form (Bozkurt & Holzapfel 14). Music informatics further involves software development, a key area in computer science. Almost every aspect of music informatics requires software. This ranges from music search engines, conversion of musical stores into digital symbols to online distribution and consumption of music. The discipline has attracted many students who are interested in software engineering and who would like to specialize in music software design (Bozkurt & Holzapfel 16). The discipline interlinks with other disciplines in computer science since software engineers who specialize in music software design can further their skills in other areas within the field of computing. Music informatics can also be seen to involve skills in mathematics, a key aspect of computer science. Processing digital signals for audio music requires vast knowledge in mathematics. Audio digital signal processing involves conversion of analogue signals into a series of numbers that represent these signals in digital

Puzzle 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Puzzle 1 - Assignment Example Viewers can decide whether they see art, which makes their makers, artists, although artists, particularly humans, can use their autonomy to say that they are artists, whether their viewers agree or not. These artists are making art because they have viewers who can accept their works as art, even if there may be differences amongst the latter’s views. I believe that these creators are all artists or painters because they have the skills to make art and viewers who can accept their works as art. What makes them artists or painters is that they can create works of art based on their own perceptions of the world and using their painting skills, and that they have audiences who can appreciate their art. Some people might say that chimpanzees or elephants cannot perceive the value and effects of art, but I believe that they have their own ways of expressing art, as these videos prove. In addition, I believe that they are â€Å"good† artists to those audiences who see their paintings as â€Å"good† works of art because they like the total effect of these works and they find meaning in these paintings. As for the question of determining if one better than the other, it is hard to answer that because â€Å"better† art is in the eye of the beholder. In other words, I do not think that any person, even those who are called art critics and art connoisseurs can absolutely say that one painting or painter is better than the other since, in the end, people, as art consumers have different tastes and preferences in art and they can still choose what they think are â€Å"better† art works. Furthermore, determining the â€Å"better† art depends on both or either viewer or creator. Some viewers immediately think that human arts are better than animal-made arts because of the preference for the creators. Other viewers, on the opposite, do not consider who/what the painter is and prefer to appreciate art depending

The Male Dominant Image Essay Example for Free

The Male Dominant Image Essay In his play The Lion and the Jewel, Soyinka expresses his opinions about society through his characters, as many authors do in their writing. One of the characters, Baroka, frequently seeks to take more wives despite his age and subjects his current wives to humiliating tasks such as plucking his armpit hairs and tickling his feet as a way of showing his power over them. Through the characterization of Baroka and the attitudes of other characters in the play, Soyinka explores the idea that a man needs to show dominance over women to be considered a man by society. Despite his age and already having a larger number of wives, Baroka is still seeking to take another wife, specifically a young one. This is most likely because he wants to exert the image that he is still desirable and his sexual ability has not been diminished with age. It is very important for Baroka to maintain this image, and this is why he is still persistent to take Sidi as a wife, even after she clearly refuses several times. Image is very important to Baroka, and his existing image had been tainted by the photograph of him by a latrine. Sidi, however, is young and has the image of the most beautiful woman in the village due to the pictures of her in the magazine. Bakora believes that making the most beautiful woman in the village his wife is the perfect way to elevate his image. While he is seducing her, he tells her â€Å"the truth of this, old wine thrives best in a new bottle.† (p. 1185) The old wine is a metaphor for himself and the new bottle is Sidi. He seeks the new bottle to enhance himself. He will not stand to be seen as less than a woman, to have his position as a man and a leader diminished. This is why in the end, he resorts to physical force to get Sidi to marry him when all else fails. By tradition, she is bound to marry the man she loses her virginity to, and Baroka exploits this. The fact that Baroka ultimately used tradition to exploit her also implies that much of the twisted notion that a man must exercise dominance over a woman to be powerful stems from tradition. Baroka also asserts his power by taking advantage of his wives and forcing  them to do humiliating tasks for his pleasure. While the things he makes them do are not brutal or violent, it asserts the fact that they are below him and he holds the power in the relationship. They must pluck his armpit hairs and tickle his feet, although he never does something for their pleasure in return. In regards to them performing these tasks, he uses such statements as â€Å"†¦thou Sadiku, thy plainly unadorned hands encase a sweet sensuality which age will not destroy. Beyond a doubt Sadiku, thou art the queen of them all.†(p. 1172) This statement, while in his mind possibly meant to praise, is actually quite demeaning. These statements reduce his wives simply to objects of pleasure for him. This shows how by making a woman his wife, Baroka ultimately restricts the balance of power in the relationship, with himself permanently at the top, and his wives permanently at the bottom. They are not his partners in equal, nor do they assist him in making important decisions. They are simply there to pleasure him and maintain his status. Women are self-enhancing tools for Baroka, merely useful accessories. This is no different from wearing expensive rings to show off and raise one’s status. It is not only Baroka’s thoughts and actions that assert the idea that a man needs to show dominance over women to be considered a man by society, but also those of other people in the play. When Sidi learns from Sadiku that Baroka is supposedly no longer fertile, they both view it as him having lost his power. This is demonstrated by a line Sadiku aims at Lakunle when he witnesses them celebrating Baroka’s supposed downfall. â€Å"You a man? Is Baroka no more a man than you? And if he is no longer a man, than what are you?† (p 1170) This shows how the idea that a man needs to show dominance to have power is ingrained in the people of the village, just as gender roles and are ingrained in our society today. The fact that women react exactly in this way to a man’s loss of virility in The Lion and the Jewel shows that Baroka’s fears that he will lose the respect of the village if he does not constantly verify himself are justified. He is getting older and less attractive, so he feels the need to constantly prove his power. In conclusion, Baroka’s character represents a man who is trying to verify his power and maintain his image with age in the way his society deems  appropriate. Gender roles are present in all societies, and although they vary somewhat from one society to another, it is never a good thing to have cookie cutter expectations that all men or all women are expected to fit into. It is extremely harmful psychologically for people to always measure themselves to a standard of an ideal, when in reality few can be a perfect example. This also brings up the question, why are gender roles present in the first place? Why is there a set way a man should act or a woman should act? I believe that these standards originate from tradition. Polygamy is the tradition of the Yoruban people in The Lion and the Jewel, so naturally one may be inclined to use the number of wives a man has as a way to measure him. Likewise, in Christianity, gender roles stem from the story of Adam and Eve in the Bible. Soyinka’s The Lion and The Jewel portrays a character who commits many misdoings, but in the end he is simply trying to fit with his society and tradition.

Biodiesel vs. Ethanol Essay -- Compare Contrast Fuel Essays Papers

Biodiesel vs. Ethanol Both biodiesel and ethanol are derivatives of biomass that have been processed to create a liquid biofuel. Both types of biofuels have been touted as secure and environmentally safe alternatives to fossil fuels, however the research verifying these claims is extensive but often contradicting. In the following paper, the efficiency and quality of the two types of biofuel will be discussed. The effects of variables such as source materials and production techniques on efficiency and quality will be considered. Due to the limited scope of this paper however, only generalized net analyses of ethanol and biodiesel production will be considered. The production of ethanol requires one of two source materials, cellulose or sucrose, both of which are complex sugars. Currently, corn and sugar cane are the primary source materials for ethanol; however it can be produced from any plant cellulose. Ethanol is created using chemical and non chemical processes. These processes include liquefication, saccharification, fermentation, and distillation (Malca and Freire, 2006). Today, the world’s ethanol is primarily produced in Brazil using sugarcane. The second largest producer of ethanol is the United States, where it is created from corn. Ethanol has the largest production mass of all the biofuels (Powlson, Riche, and Shield, 2005). In 2003 Brazil produced 9.9 million tons, as compared to 8.4 million tons produced by the United States, and 1.75 million tons produced in Europe (Malca and Freire, 2006). Biodiesel is produced by subjecting the triglycerides found in vegetables oils and fats to transesterification, which is the exchanging of the alkoxy group of an ester compound by another alcohol. This creates an ox... ... dbio-ethyl tertiary butyl ether (bioETBE): Assessing the implications of allocation. Energy, 31: pp. 3362-3380. McCormick R, Graboski M, Alleman T, and Herring A. (2001). Impact of biodiesel source material and chemical structure on emissions of criteria pollutants from a heavy-duty engine. Environmental Science Technology, 35 (9): pp. 1742-1747. Pimental D and Patzek (2005). Ethanol Production using Corn, Switchgrass and Wood; Biodiesel Production using soybean and Sunflower. Earth and Environmental Sciences, 14 (1). Powlson DS, Riche AB, and Shield, I. (2005). Biofuels and other approaches for decreasing fossil fuel emissions from agriculture. Annals of Applied Biology, 146: pp. 193-201. Van Gerpen JV. (1996). Cetane number testing of biodiesel. National Biodiesel Board Reports Database, Liquid Fuels and Industrial Products from Renewable Sources.

Measurement Tools for Elder Abuse and Neglect Essay

Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI) is a 41-item Likert scale instrument which consists of seven sections that reviews signs, symptoms and subjective complaints of elder abuse, neglect, exploitation, and abandonment (Fulmer, 2008, p. 1). The EAI can be used in any clinical setting to detect elder abuse and neglect and is accomplished by a professional such as a caregiver, emergency doctor or practitioner. The seven sections are General Assessment (5 items), Possible Abuse Indicators (7 items), Possible Neglect Indicators (14 items), Possible Exploitation Indicators (6 items), Possible Abandonment Indicators (4 items) and Summary (5 items), each section accompanied with an area for comments and follow-up. The summary section directs the user to indicate the likelihood of the presence of each type of mistreatment. The summary is derived from clinical interpretations of the findings in the previous sections. (Fulmer, et al, 2004; Fulmer, 2008). Permission is given to download a copy of the EAI only for non-profit educational purposes from the website of The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, College of Nursing, New York University, and only if the Institute is cited as the source. Copy of the instrument can be purchased from the Clearinghouse on Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly (CANE). Indicators of Abuse (IOA) The IOA is a 29-item in-home assessment tool (12 abuse risk items about the caregiver, 15 abuse risk items about the care receiver, and 2 demographic questions) used by professionals to determine incidences of elder abuse. Focusing on mental and psychosocial attributes of both caregiver and care receiver, it examines three dimensions of elder abuse: the intrapersonal problems and issues of the caregiver, interpersonal problems of the caregiver, and support issues and history of abuse of the elder. (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 663; University of California at Berkeley, School of Social Welfare – BASSC, 2007, p. 7). Although it is not intended for diagnostic purposes, professionals use the IOA to unreported incidences of elder abuse for timely intervention. Research Findings EAI Revised in 2008, the EAI has been used since the early 1980’s and in health care settings such as in the emergency department (Fulmer, et al, 2000; as cited in Fulmer, 2004) and in an acute hospital setting (Carr, et al, 1986; as cited in Fulmer, 2004). Psychometric results show that the EAI, like other popular screening instruments (the EAI is one of the three most frequently cited elder mistreatment tools), lack evidences of overall validity and reliability as it has not been used in a variety of clinical settings (BASSC, 2007, p. 7), however, it is reported that it has a relatively high internal consistency reliability at 0. 84 (Cronbach’s alpha) and test-retest reliability at 0. 83 (Fulmer, 2008, p. 1) Other psychometric data for EAI show its content validity index at 0. 83, interrater agreement at 0. 83, sensitivity at 71%, and specificity at 93% (Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299). IOA The items of the IOA were evaluated for content and construct validity by a multidisciplinary panel. In the original study conducted by the developers of the instrument and which involved 341 participants results show that the IOA was successful in correctly identifying 84. 4% of abuse cases and 99. 2% of non-abuse cases (Reis and Nahmiash,1998, p. 1). Psychometric studies on the IOA show very high internal consistency of . 91 and . 92 (Cronbach’s alpha). Studies also show divergent, concurrent and construct related evidence of validity as it is able to discriminate abuse from non-abuse (BASSC, 2007, p. 9). Clinical Utility EAI The use of EAI in the emergency department has shown auspicious results in abuse identification and reporting (Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299). Although the EAI meets practicality concerns because it can be administered only from 12-15 minutes, it is reported to be weak on scoring system and specificity (Fulmer, et al; 2004). The EAI is expected to be more advantageous than open-ended instruments that are time-consuming. Another strength of the EAI is that it able to make the clinician more sensitive to screening for elder mistreatment and be more receptive to abuse indicators (Fulmer, 2004; Fulmer, 2008). IOA The IOA is an effective tool in identifying abuse risk even before it is reported allowing for timely and exigent intervention (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 663). Data show that its use in health and social services organizations has led to the identification of 78% to 84% abuse cases (Wolf, 2000; as cited in Fulmer, et al. , 2004, p. 299). One limitation of the tool however is that it is a subjective evaluation focusing only on indicators (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 664). Since it is administered through open clinical interview, differences in interview and evaluation skills of the administrators may pose discrepancies in observations (Cohen, et al. , 2006, p. 664). Another weakness is that it takes around two to three hours to finish the assessment. Because of its length, Fulmer, et al. (2004) assert that the IOA is appropriate for research studies but may pose difficulties in medical and social service settings. Conclusion Both EAI and the E-IOA are clear about the type of risk being assessed, e. g. risk to a victim’s well-being and safety, hence, they are good instruments to be administered in nursing facilities. Elderly people are very vulnerable to abuse and neglect not only by their families. It has also been found out that elder mistreatment could also happen in nursing facilities. It is reported that nurses and caregivers sometimes are the perpetrators of the abuse ((McLafferty & Morrison, 2004; Nahmiash and Reis; 2000). Other instruments that measure elder abuse and neglect are the following: 1. Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) 2. Brief Abuse Screen for the Elderly (BASE) 3. Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) 4. Based on the list an aggregate list of instruments that could screen or measure elderly neglect, the following are also being considered for inclusion in my study: References Cohen, M. , et al. (2006). Development of a screening tool for identifying elderly people at risk of abuse by their caregivers. The Journal of Aging and Health. 18: 660-686. Retrieve September 25, 2008 from http://jah. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/660. University of California at Berkeley, School of Social Welfare (BASSC). (2007). Instruments for assessing elder mistreatment: implications for adult protective services. Evidence for Practice: An Executive Summary, No. 9, Sept 2007. Retrieved March 9, 2009 from, http://cssr. berkeley. edu/research_units/bassc/documents/C61602_9_web. pdf. Fulmer, T. (2008). Elder mistreatment assessment. The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing. No. 15, Retrieved September 28, 2008 from, http://www. hartfordign. org/publications/trythis/issue15. pdf. Fulmer, T. , et al. (2004). Progress in elder abuse screening and assessment instruments. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Vol 52, No 2. Retrieved September 25, 2008 from http://jah. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/660.. McLafferty, I. and Morrison, F. (2004). Attitudes towards hospitalized older adults.

Response to “Superman and Me” Essay

â€Å"Superman and Me† is an article by Sherman Alexie that addresses his early experiences with literature. Illiteracy is a huge issue in some lower class groups. Alexie states that, as a Spokane child, his future would likely consist of minimum wage jobs (Alexie 89). The author portrays literacy as a method of escaping these circumstances. In â€Å"Superman and Me†, Alexie describes how he gains his ability to read and write. He begins his journey to literacy in the most unlikely of places: a Superman comic book. The author explains that his reading trials expanded beyond those colorful pages, and allowed him to read the novels his father brought home. Clearly, the fact that he was surrounded by literature seems to have led to him becoming literate. These efforts led to hardships. Cultural expectations of Native Americans challenged him throughout his childhood. It is amazing that he had so many of these struggles as a child. Regarding the time he spent in class, the author notes, â€Å"We were Indian children who were expected to be stupid† (90). Alexie describes his classmates as being brighter outside of the classroom. This contradiction is puzzling. It seems as though the children are seeking to fulfill a role expected of them by the mainstream. It would take a strange kind of culture to disapprove of reading and learning. Still, Alexie disregards such negative influences. The story is painting a bigger picture, as far as literacy goes. Just as Superman breaks through the door to his target, Alexie does so as well. The breaking of the door represents a mental breakthrough. Instead of superpowers, Alexie has knowledge. He knows that literature can open the door to new opportunities. This is why he wishes so strongly for those failing students to strive for more; they can become something more than Spokane reservation kids. â€Æ' Works Cited Alexie, Sherman. â€Å"Superman and Me.† The McGraw-Hill Guide: Writing for College, Writing for Life (Student Edition): Duane Roen, Gregory Glau, Barry Maid.

Dell Computer Corp †Case Study

Dell Computer Corp – Case Study Free Online Research Papers Introduction: According to Dell.com (online), Dell Incorporated describes itself as the worlds leading computer systems company. Dell is the largest and fastest growing among all major computer systems companies worldwide, with more than 46,000 employees. Dell designs, builds and customizes products and services to satisfy a range of customer requirements. Its global strategy is to be the premiere provider of products and services, including those that customers require to build their information technology and Internet infrastructures. Dell has manufacturing facilities and sales offices throughout the Americas, as well as Europe and Asia to remain close to Dells customers wherever they are located (Dell USA: About Dell, 2004). Dell regularly communicates to the public in a variety of ways. For example, according to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (online) pursuant to the requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Dell Incorporated regularly reports its financial performance to investors, creditors, bond holders, insurers, banks, employees and other interested parties in the form of quarterly and annual filings with the SEC. Another important SEC filing is form 8-K. An 8-K report is required to be filed with the SEC in a timely manner whenever events that are deemed to be of interest to investors or potential investors occur at a publicly traded company such as Dell. The provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act passed following the accounting fraud related scandals involving such well known U.S. corporations as Enron and WorldCOM require even more prompt notice to the SEC of significant events (The Laws That Govern the Securities Industry, 2004). Another form of public relations communication between Dell Inc and the external public involves the use of press releases. In calendar 2004, Dell generated more than thirty press releases relating only to the companys financial condition. There were even more press releases addressing product launches and other aspects of Dells worldwide business operations. According to Luan Aten writing for LunarEclipse.net (online), a press release is simply a statement prepared for distribution to the media. The purpose of a press release is to give journalists information that is both useful and accurate. Generally, the first paragraph contains a brief overview of the press release. The second paragraph explains the information in detail, and typically includes a quote from a company employee. The final paragraph is a summation of the release as well as company contact information (Aten). Bob Francis of InfoWorld (1994) notes that Michael Dell created a business model that satisfies customers needs by building high quality and low cost computers to order worldwide. One of the important ways in which Dell Inc. communicates in a public relations sense is through its extensive product advertising and promotions programs. The advertisements that Dell run tend to emphasize the high quality, low cost, and customizable features of its product sales (Francis, 1994, 6). Recently, Dell expanded its product offerings to include items such as portable music storage devices, printers, and flat screen television sets. As a result, Dells most recent television ad campaigns emphasize both the companys traditional products including desktop personal computers and laptop computers, as well as the companys new products. Dells marketing campaigns have been highly successful. Dell has convinced potential customers that all of the following statements are true: Dell is committed to meeting the unique needs of customers around the world. This is why each computer is build to order. In reality, the business model that requires customers to pay in advance for products from Dell offers customers the opportunity to customize the products they prepaid. Dell operates one of the worlds largest and most profitable e-commerce sites with more than $40 million in sales daily. It positions the e-commerce site as a benefit to customers who can take as much time as necessary to customize their system. In reality the advantage to Dell is that this self-service process means that its salespeople do not need to spend their time helping customers decide what to order. The result is higher profits for Dell resulting from lower sales costs. Dells marketing campaign suggests that by eliminating the middleman in the supply chain, Dell is able to control costs and pass the savings on to customers. The effect of this message on its external public is that customers believe that Dell is able to offer top quality, cutting edge technology at rock bottom prices. In reality, by bypassing retailers, Dell is able to earn the profits the retailer would have made. Dell does not offer the lowest priced products on the market, and the technology it employs is not leading edge. For Dell to maintain this cost leadership strategy requires a company to continuously search for cost reductions in all aspects of its business. According to Elizabeth Corcoran writing for Forbes (2004), Dell was among the earliest computer companies to outsource customer service and technical support calls overseas. After sales customer support is a public relations communications process. Dell set up its first offshore technical and customers suppprt center in Bangalore, India in 2001. Dell Inc. opened a second site in the city of Hyderabad in 2003. For Dell, this particular public relations communication process has had mixed results. According to Corcoran, the cost savings for Dell are substantial. Unfortunately, language and cultural differences between U.S. customers and Dells bright but unseasoned Indian support staff led to a number of complaints. U.S. customers were often frustrated when Dell employees answering customer support and technical support calls seemed unwilling t o depart from a script of questions. In November of 2003, in response to mounting dissatisfaction with this arrangement Dell took the rare step of rerouting its large and medium-business support work from India and back to its corporate headquarters in Austin, Texas. However, customer support and technical support for small-business and consumer accounts remains in India (Corcoran, 2004, 50). Dan Briody and Jeanette Borzo writing for InfoWorld (1997) suggest that irrespective of where customer support takes place, Dell has found that direct customer relationships including pre-sale telephone support as well as after sales customer and technical support provide Dell with a constant flow of information about customers plans and requirements. This portion of the public relations communications process enables Dell to continually refine its product offerings in addition to adjusting prices, changing product features, and evaluating the impact of its marketing and advertising campaigns on customer inquiries and on customer sales (Briody, Borzo, 1997, 8). References Aten, L. How to Write a Press Release. Eclipse E-zine, Retrieved Dec 21, 2004, from lunareclipse. net/pressrelease.htm. Briody, D., Borzo, J. (1997). PC PRICE CUTS ABOUND IN REACTION TO DELLS DISTRIBUTION-EFFICIENCY MODEL. InfoWorld, 19(29): 8. Corcoran, E. (2004). Un-outsourcing. Forbes. 173(10): 50. Dell, Inc., (2004). Dell USA: about Dell. Retrieved Dec. 21, 2004, from Dell.com Web site: http://www1.us.dell.com /content/topics/global.aspx/corp/background/en/index?c=usl=ens=corp. Francis, B. (1994). Medica says Build-to-order Notebooks are Dells Edge. InfoWorld, 16(9): 6. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, (2004). The Laws that Govern the Securities Industry. Retrieved Dec. 21, 2004, from About the SEC Web site: sec.gov /about /laws.shtml. 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