An Ecological Viewpoint On Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

An Ecological Viewpoint On Pollution Environmental Sciences EssayPollution is the effect of unwanted changes in our surroundings that have harmful set up on plants, animals and human beings. This occurs when further short term ecological gains are made at the cost of long term ecological benefits for humanity. During the last a couple of(prenominal) decades we have polluted our air, irrigate and land on which life itself depends with a variety of waste products.From an ecological point of view, pollutants suffer be classified as degradable or non-persistent pollutants which can be rapidly broken down by natural process.eg domestic sewage, discarded vegetables etc., Slowly-degradable or persistent pollutants are pollutants that remain in the environment for many years in an unchanged condition and take decades or longer to degrade.egDDT(pesticides) and most plastics. Non-degradable pollutants cannot be degraded by natural processes. once they are released into the environment th ey are difficult to eradicate and continue to accumulate.eg toxic elements like lead or mercury and nuclear wastes.Pollution is a very(prenominal) wide topic. This thesis foc handlings on two major contaminants- air and water, and explains in detail the excites, set up and control measures.Air pollution occurs due to the presence of undesirable solid or gaseous particles in the air in quantities that are harmful to human health and the environment. The air may become polluted by natural causes such as volcanoes, which release ash, dust, sulphur and other gases, or by forest fires that are occasionally caused by lightening. However, unlike pollutants from human activity, naturally-occuring pollutants head for the hills to remain in the atmosphere for a short time and do not lead to permanent atmospheric change.Air pollution began to increase in the beginning of the twentieth century with the development of transportation systems and large-scale use of petrol and diesel. These s evere air quality problems due to the formation of petrochemical smog from the burn residues of diesel and petrol engines were felt for the first time in Los Angeles. Pollution due to auto- exhaust remains a serious environmental issue in many developed and developing countries, including, India.The air pollution control act in India was passed in 1981 and the motor vehicle act for controlling air pollution was passed very recently. These laws are intended to prevent the air from becoming over polluted.The greatest industrial disaster leading to serious air pollution took station in Bhopal, where the extremely poisonous methyl isocyanides gas was accidently released from the Union Carbides pesticide manufacturing plant, on the night of December 2, 1984. The effect of this disaster on human health and the mark are felt even today.Lead is a major air pollutant that remains largely unmonitored and is emitted by vehicles. High lead levels have been reported in the ambient air in met ropolitan cities. Leaded petrol is the primary source of air-borne lead emissions in Indian cities. The use of unleaded petrol is sensation way of reducing this pollutant. Pollutants are also found indoors from the infiltration of polluted outside air and from various chemicals used or produced inside buildings.The effects of air pollution on living organisms are adverse. Cigarette smoking is responsible for the greatest exposure to carbon copy monoxide. Exposure to air containing even 0.001% of carbon monoxide for several hours can cause coma and even death. Sulphur dioxide irritates the respiratory tissues chronic exposure to it causes a condition similar to bronchitis. The acids can become machine-accessible to particles which, when inhaled, are very corrosive to the lungs.The widely talked changes in the ozone layer have serious implications for mankind. The effects on human health due to increased UV radiation are sunburn, cataract, aging of the skin and skin cancer. It weak ens the immune system by suppressing the bodys resistance to certain infections like measles, chickenpox and other viral diseases that extract rash and parasitic diseases like malaria introduced through the skin.UV rays also affect the ability of plants to capture light energy during the process of photosynthesis. This reduces the nutrient content and the maturation of plants. This is seen especially in the case of legumes and cabbage.Air pollution can be controlled by two fundamental approaches preventive techniques and effluent control. One of the effective nub of controlling air pollution is to have proper equipment in mall. This includes devices for removal of pollutants from the flue gases through scrubbers, closed-collection recovery systems, and the use of dry and wet collectors, filters, electrostatic precipitators and so on. Building higher smoke-stacks facilitates the discharge of pollutants as far away from the ground as possible. Industries should be carefully locate d so as to minimize the effects of pollution after considering the topography and the wind directions. The substitution of raw materials that cause more pollution with those that cause less pollution will also help.Water pollution is when the quality or composition of water changes directly or indirectly as a result of mans activities such that it becomes unfit for any purpose it is tell to be polluted. Point sources of pollution are when a source of pollution can be readily identified because it has a definite source and place where it enters the water it is said to come from a point source. E.g. municipal and industrial discharge pipes. Non-point sources of pollution are when a source of pollution cannot be readily identified, such as agricultural runoff, acid rain etc.,There are several classes of common water pollutants. These are disease causing agents which include bacteria, viruses, phylum Protozoa and parasitic worms that enter water from domestic sewage and untreated hu man and animal wastes. Large amounts of human waste in water increases the number of these bacteria, which cause gastrointestinal diseases. Other potentially harmful bacteria from human wastes may also be present in smaller numbers. Thus, the greater the amount of wastes in the water, the greater is the chance of contracting diseases.The third class of pollutants is inorganic plant nutrients. These are water -soluble nitrates and phosphates that cause the excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants. The quantity of fertilizers applied in a field is often many times more than actually required by plants. The chemicals in fertilizers and pesticides pollute both s anoint and water.A fourth class of water pollutants is water- soluble inorganic chemicals, which are acids, salts and compounds of toxic metals such as mercury and lead. High levels of these chemicals can coif the water unfit to drink, harm fish and other aquatic life, reduce crop yields and accelerate the corrosion o f equipment that is in contact with this water.Another cause of water pollution is a variety of organic chemicals, which includes oil, gasoline, plastics, pesticides, cleaning solvents, detergents and many other chemicals. These are harmful to aquatic and human health. They enter the water directly from industrial activity, either from improper handling of chemicals in industries and usually from the improper and illegal disposal of chemical wastes.The foremost necessity of controlling water pollution is prevention. On the other hand, setting up effluent treatment plants to treat wastes can reduce the pollution load in the recipient water. The treated effluent can be reused for either gardening or cooling purposes, wherever possible. A few years ago a new technology, called the Root Zone touch on has been developed by Thermax. This system involves running contaminated water through root zones of specially-designed reed beds.To conclude, the responsibility to prevent pollution lies in the hands of either individual. Some concepts that help individuals contribute towards a better quality of our environment and human life areTry to plant trees wherever you can and more importantly take care of them. They reduce air pollution.From the mail you receive reuse as many envelopes as you can.Use pesticides in your home only when absolutely necessary and use them in small amounts. Some insect species help to keep a check on the populations of pest species.Reduce the use of fossil fuels by either walking short distances or using a car pool, sharing a bike or using domain transport. This reduces air pollution.Shut off the lights and fans when not needed.Do not use aerosol spray products and commercial air-fresheners. They damage the ozone layer.Do not pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground.Buy consumer goods in refillable glass containers instead of cans or throwaway bottles.Try to avoid a sking for plastic carry bags when you buy groceries or vegetables or any other items. Use your own cloth bag instead.Set up a compost bit in your garden to produce manure and reduce use of fertilizers.